Norms and Associated Health Hazard in Himalayan Water System: A Review

Abstract

Water is the most important element in our environment. Radionuclides such as Uranium and Radon are soluble in water and can pose a significant health hazard. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the source, occurrence, impact on inhabitants and affecting factors in Uttarakhand state. As Uttarakhand is a water-rich region known for its abundant rivers, springs and groundwater, monitoring of radionuclide contamination is very crucial from a public health and environmental point of view. Districts Bageshwar and Pauri show the maximum uranium content, and Tehri and Rudraprayag show the maximum concentration of radon in water. Mainly, Geology is the main factor in Uttarakhand for uranium and radon anomalies. The result depicts that there is no significant health risk in Uttarakhand state. All dose rates from the uranium and radon are less than the recommended limit prescribed by UNSCEAR and WHO.