Spatio-temporal dynamics of fodder availability in Mali: Case of the Sikasso Region

Abstract

Livestock farming contributes to more than 10% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (DNPIA, 2013). However, the aerial vegetation cover that supports this livestock is subjected to severe challenges due to recurring droughts, floods, and human activities. Today in Mali, it is imperative to develop a strategy to optimize the sustainable use of pastoral resources. This necessarily involves access to information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of forage resources, a challenge faced by technicians and policymakers responsible for livestock management in Mali. The present study, initiated to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of forage resources in the Sikasso region, could provide stakeholders with essential information for developing an effective and sustainable management strategy. The analysis of collected data highlighted the significant variability in rainfall data from 1980 to the present and particularly from 1999 to 2012. It also provided insights into forage availability, which was largely higher than the region's needs. The surplus was estimated at 6,950,099 tons in 2020, indicating that the region could accommodate additional livestock. The spatiotemporal mapping of the Dry Matter Production (DMP) showed that the critical periods of the year are February, March, and April. This period may extend into May if rainfall is insufficient. Forecasts also indicate that forage availability will continue to decline until 2050 if no action is taken. The rate of decline is expected to be steep in July from 2025 to 2050. In conclusion, the objective of this study has been achieved, as the results presented can assist in making appropriate decisions.